In light of the Iranian threat: these are the injuries from a nuclear missile – and this is how the treatment is carried out

The Iranian threat is materializing: Tehran has announced that it will strike Israel within 48 hours . The Israeli hackers have already threatened tonight to disrupt Iran's cyber infrastructure and in Israel they are preparing for any possible military scenario, in the north or in the south. In the "Wall Street Journal" they claimed that Khamenei was presented with a number of plans to attack Israel, including a missile attack on Haifa, the missile facility in Dimona or medium-range cruise missiles.

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But the main threat from Iran is from the nuclear capability which is expected to be perfect within months according to reports. Israel's allies promise to protect, the Home Front Command did not change the instructions, but the nuclear threat remains hovering and the main fear is about Iran. The IDF spokesman said yesterday that Israel has multiple layers of defense against the Iranian threat, and according to estimates, Iran will not attack civilian targets, but as mentioned, the option of a nuclear attack is no longer so far away.

What happens in the body after a nuclear attack?

When the human body is exposed to nuclear radiation, damage occurs to the hereditary material, DNA, which is found in all body cells. The damage is caused by breaking the DNA directly or indirectly, and creating toxic substances called free radicals, which cause oxidative damage to the DNA. If the damage occurred in only one of the two coils that make up the genetic material, the cell would be able to repair itself. But if the damage is done to both coils, the damage is considered serious and causes damage to cell division, the creation of damaged cells or the cell's self-destruction.

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Radiation can also cause another process, called apoptosis: programmed cell death. This is a process in which the cell "suicides" because the radiation causes the release of signals that cause the DNA to break and accelerate the death of the cell.

The damage from exposure to radiation occurs when the radiation level is above 1GY (one gray unit). Lethal radiation occurs when the radiation level is above Gy10. Exposure to radiation causes general damage to the body and local damage to the skin exposed to it. The skin damage is manifested by blisters, redness and skin ulcers. At low levels of radiation the skin damage appears within 12 to 20 days after exposure, however at high levels of radiation the damage to the skin and the burns appear within a few days. After months to years of exposure to radiation, complications occur in small blood vessels due to the damage to the cells that make up the blood vessels.

  הכור הגרעיני בבושהר. יכולת תקיפה בתוך חודשים (צילום: רויטרס)
The nuclear reactor in Bushehr. Ability to attack within months (Photo: Reuters)

The first symptoms: fatigue, vomiting, abdominal pain

The radioactive radiation also causes a series of general symptoms. In the initial stage, the victim feels and suffers from nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, fatigue, diarrhea, abdominal pain and dehydration. When exposed to radiation levels above 10Gy, the symptoms will appear within five to 15 minutes. At low radiation levels of Gy2 or Gy3, symptoms can appear even 12 hours after exposure. The severity of the symptoms signifies the victim's chances of recovery. If the symptoms are multiple and severe, it is an exposure to a high and deadly level of radiation.

The radiation also damages the circulatory system. White blood cells die in the process of apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death in which the cell "kills" itself incorrectly. Bone marrow cells are also destroyed and do not create new blood cells. Within a few weeks, blood cells continue to die. The result is life-threatening internal bleeding and severe infections that can lead to general system failure and death.

The radiation also damages the digestive system. Cells lining the digestive system are destroyed, bone marrow cells do not produce new cells, ulcers appear along the esophagus, stomach and intestines. The result is bacterial overgrowth, deadly infections along with loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dehydration, weight loss and bloody diarrhea.

In addition to all these, the radiation also damages the brain and the peripheral nervous system. Radiation levels above Gy30 cause death within a few days. Radiation levels above Gy100 cause death within a few hours. The exact mechanism of death is still unknown, but the assumption is that, apart from the general damage to all body cells, there is also a severe brain injury, which causes bleeding, cerebral edema and brain destruction.

Several years ago, the American Food and Drug Administration, the FDA, approved medical treatment against the radiation emitted after a nuclear bomb, the result of an Israeli development. The treatment is extracted from the placentas of mothers and allows the body to create new and healthy blood cells, instead of those damaged by the nuclear radiation.

The innovative treatment was developed by Haifa's Pluristem company. The product called PLX-R18 is designed to treat severe radiation injuries in the event of a nuclear bomb. The research and development of the treatment was carried out on animals, since it is forbidden to conduct clinical experiments with nuclear radiation on humans. The results of the experiments showed a significant increase in the survival percentage of the animals that received the treatment.

The treatment is produced from the placentas of women giving birth, which undergo a special process at the end of which an injection is given into the muscle. The injection is given up to 96 hours after the exposure to nuclear radiation and it encourages the creation of new blood cells of the type leukocytes (white blood cells), erythrocytes (red blood cells that carry oxygen) and thrombocytes (platelets responsible for blood clotting).


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